Larry Flynt was hilarious. The recently deceased publisher of Hustler magazine was an avid gambler, who, despite being paralyzed as the result of an assassination attempt in 1978, retained a perfectly dry sense of humor. The first time I interviewed Flynt, back in the late 1990s, I asked him why he had such an affinity for poker and blackjack. In his froggy voice, speaking to me from a perch on his motorized gold-plated wheelchair, he replied, “Well, I’m not going to take up water skiing, am I?”

That is no doubt a true statement, but Flynt, who had a disarmingly boyish way about him, did not wait until being wheelchair bound to get into gambling. He told me that he first played poker in the military. As his financial resources increased so did the stakes at which he chose to gamble. By the time casino host Steve Cyr encountered him in the high-limit room of Las Vegas’s Rio All-Suite Hotel & Casino, Flynt was a bonafide whale. He played blackjack for $25,000 per hand (a sum that would increase over the years) and maintained a credit line of $1 million.

Cyr spent months trying to woo Flynt away from the Rio and to the Las Vegas Hilton where Cyr worked as a host.

Flynt was comfortable at the Rio and not really interested in playing elsewhere until Cyr made the publisher an offer he could not refuse. “I told him that I have 100,000 reasons for him to come over the Hilton,” Cyr, the subject of a book called “Whale Hunt in the Desert”, told 888. “I gave him $100,000 in promotional chips [used for play at the table and paid off with cashable chips on winning hands]. Larry is such a great guy that he said, ‘If you’re giving me 100,000, I’ll bring a million-dollars of my own.’ He gave us a shot at winning some of his money, which most players would not necessarily do.”

It proved to be a profitable decision. “Larry went through the 100K,” recalls Cyr. “Then he dipped into his own money and wound up winning a million dollars from us.”

That outcome set a precedent. “He won on his next seven trips,” says Cyr. “Baron Hilton [who owned the hotel chain] made Larry a trophy that said World’s Greatest Blackjack Player. He was up millions of dollars that year and we could not beat him. He gave us plenty of time, but, unlike a lot of gamblers, Larry was disciplined. I think he came to the casino with a number in his head, played until he won that number or else lost a certain amount, and then he left. He flew to Las Vegas on his own jet” – a sinister looking aircraft, painted black with the word Hustler in electric pink – “and took off when he wanted to. He would not necessarily stay the weekend.”

Cyr describes him as “shrewd … Larry’s strength was bankroll. He could ride out the losses and he was disciplined.” He avoided playing after a few glasses of wine and drank ultra-hot coffee at the table (a butler would man a Bunson burner that kept Flynt’s brew at the properly scorching temperature). Cyr respected Flynt’s financial resiliency but the Vegas gambling dens did not necessarily love it. “Casinos were not sure whether to keep him playing or to stop him from playing,”Justin Smith, a friend of Flynt’s and a former high-stakes poker pro turned movie producer (his latest project, “Flinch” [flinchthemovie.com], was recently released), tells 888. “He put them into tricky positions.”

A natural negotiator, Flynt wheedled concessions from the casino before sitting down to play. “There would be 30 deal points,” says Cyr. “As soon as he landed, he got a $10,000 reimbursement for airfare. If he lost a million dollars, we gave him a 20-percent discount. So it cost him only $800,000. Then he got $25,000 in promo chips for every three hours he played. Larry negotiated to split aces four times, switch dealers any time he wanted and to surrender with any two cards.”

That last condition was critical for Flynt. He was not just any blackjack player. Years ago, while I was attending a major baccarat tournament in Monte Carlo, one of the sharpest players on the circuit told me about working with a poker pro to create a blackjack strategy for Flynt. It optimized comps, took discounts into consideration and minimized losses. Flynt confirmed this for me, identifying Jason Lester as the poker pro in question and accurately describing my source as “a guy from out of San Francisco.”

Flynt added, “The big thing they helped me on is whether you are supposed to surrender six against a face card. He and the San Francisco guy ran several million hands through a computer and concluded that you are 30-percent better off to just surrender.” And while Flynt may have ranked among the few high-rollers to use a basic strategy card at the table – these things tend to be employed by old ladies and nervous pensioners – he told me that his card was far from ordinary. It contained the strategy cooked up by Lester and his San Francisco collaborator. “The ones soldin casinos are bullshit. They’re conservative, they’re weak, they’re non-aggressive. I had a lot of these special cards made up and I used them. I used it last year [2007, one year before this particular interview] in Vegas and came out winning $2.5 million.”

Two other requests would have been less costly for the casino – putting Hustler in the sundries shop and allowing his 1998 bachelor party to be thrown at the Beverly Hills Hilton – but were both shot down by Baron himself. The ever resourceful Cyr, however, found workarounds. “Whenever Larry came to the casino, I bought a half-dozen Hustlers and put them on the gift shop’s magazine shelf,” he says. “And I arranged to have the bachelor party held in a Beverly Hills mansion owned by a player of mine. Larry’s logic about us carrying his magazine was, ‘You have Playboy in there and I don’t see Hugh Hefner gambling at the Hilton.’”

As to whether or not Flynt – who opened his own Gardena, California, gambling spot, the Hustler Casino, in 2000 – was a winning player at blackjack depends on who you ask. Flynt himself told me he was ahead and Cyr counters that he lost overall. Smith, who was one of the world’s top poker players before shifting to movie production, expresses some insight: “Larry knew what he was doing. I’ll put it that way. One would be foolish to expect that a guy whose company name is Hustler would not be a hustler in his own right. I would be careful about letting him gamble in a casino. I would think he was a winning player, based on what he told me.” 

Pressed for further details, Smith clams up. “I’ve got to honor the code,” he cryptically explains.

As Smith knows, from participating in many iterations of the famous Larry Game, Flynt’ sultra-high-stakes poker blowout where you could win or lose $500,000 in a single night, Flynt loved to play 7 card stud. For years the game was held in his home – kept at temperatures so low that frequent participant Barry Greenstein wore layers of thermal underwear below his clothing – and it later moved to the Hustler Casino. But prior to that, Flynt was a fixture on the Vegas circuit where he matched wits with greats like Doyle Brunson, Chip Reese and Stu Ungar. Asked to recall a good story about the drug-loving Ungar, Flynt answered without hesitation: “I got shot a couple years before I started playing in Vegas and I was taking a lot of pain killers. I used to drink a Brompton cocktail: 60-percent morphine, 20-percent alcohol, and 10-percent cocaine. This concoction was perfectly legal. It was made up for cancer patients in their final few weeks of life. I gave Stuey a cup of that. He went to the restroom and drank it. He didn’t come out for a while. So a couple people went in looking for him, and he was sprawled on the floor, unconscious. When he came to, he accused me of trying to kill him.”

Flynt hesitated for a beat, allowing the tale to resonate, and then kicked in another one about the great but tragic poker star. “This sums up Stuey’s whole personality. He and I are playing poker, heads up, at the Horseshoe in Vegas. I took off a card and had a gut-shot straight-draw. I caught a 7 for a 9 high straight. He made trips or something, bet out, I raised and he called me. I turned over my cards, and he said, ‘God damn.’ We were playing on a blackjack table and he picked up the table and just threw it on the floor. Stuey had a temper. As long as things were going Stuey’s way and he was winning, he was fine. But if he started losing and you started making bad beats on him, well, he started to steam pretty bad.”

Then Flynt’s boyishness rose to the surface as he smiled tightly and added, “I was always able to get him irritated pretty easily.”

Whether playing blackjack or poker, Larry Flynt will be remembered as a gambler who savored competition and handled beats a lot better than Ungar did. “He was a gentleman all the time,” says Cyr. “He took losing the same way he took winning. You had to love a guy who had a big bankroll, had balls and loved the action. That was Larry.”

March 22, 2021

By Michael Kaplan

Michael Kaplan
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    Michael Kaplan is a journalist based in New York City. He has written extensively on gambling for publications such as Wired, Playboy, Cigar Aficionado, New York Post and New York Times. He is the author of four books including Aces and Kings: Inside Stories and Million-Dollar Strategies from Poker’s Greatest Players.

    He’s been known to do a bit of gambling when the timing seems right.

    Michael Kaplan

    Casino gambling is more than just math and methods of play. So much of what players do in a casino is based on their personalities and emotions at any given time. There are some players who are disciplined and astute about the house edges and how the house secures those edges. You might even call such players intellectual scholars of the games. 

    But how do they actually play the games they enjoy? Does knowledge always translate into good play? If you know something does that mean you can actually do that something properly? Are players who are intellectually disciplined actually emotionally disciplined when they challenge chance?

    If those players can stick to disciplined methods of play, never losing their inner selves to emotional play or chasing the money they’ve lost, then the are truly not only scholars of the game but outstanding players of the game as well.

    TIME FLIES

    There is a great moment in the movie Casino where “Lefty” Rosenthal explains that the longer a player plays in the casino, the better off the casino will be. Indeed, time is on the side of the casino because with much playing time the house edge will grind away at just about every casino player.

    Knowing this truth, the casinos base their comping policies not only on how much the player bets on each decision but on how long the player actually plays the game. Most readers of casino policies know that the casino wants players to play about four hours or more. 

    [Please note: If a player is a true high roller, the casino can be flexible in the time-played category. A thousand-dollar player is more desired playing just an hour than a ten-dollar player logging in four hours. However, the swings of chance for that high roller will be much wider than for the ten-dollar player.]

    THE ACTION PLAYER

    You might hear some players brag that they love the action of the games, the excitement of wagering their money, the thrill of it all. Their definition of action has a lot to do with emotions, less to do with math and statistics.

    The casino has a definition of the action player too. It is however somewhat different than the definition the players tend to express. The casino wants the worst possible bets over the longest period of time.

    If a roulette player enjoys making the five-number bet of 0, 00, 1, 2 and 3 at the American game over and over, he or she is beloved by the casino raters. If that same player spreads out directly on more numbers “beloved” isn’t a strong enough word to describe what that player means to the bottom line of the casino.

    The casino bases everything on statistics. Even though I jokingly use the word “beloved” the casino-manager mathletes do view such a player as an earner for them. Such a player is the casino’s ATM machine from start to finish. They will lionize such a player.

    The better the player is, the less money that player makes the casino – unless such a player plays an unusually long period of time. 

    A roulette player who bets the table minimum on an outside even-money bet, while taking plenty of pauses, isn’t a delight for the arithmetic scribes in the casinos’ underground vaults. Such a player is not an action player. The casino wants such a player to play, (of course it wants everyone to play) but it doesn’t hunger for the small, skilled player over the action player.

    Bad bets, experiencing long periods of playing time, represent great players in the casino bosses’ minds.

    THE ACTION PLAYERS’ VALUE CAN BE SKY HIGH

    The formula for determining the action players’ worth (or any player’s worth) is rather simple. 

    • Game played
    • Decisions per hour
    • Percent of house edge
    • Amount wagered
    • How long the player engages in game

    Let us take the roulette wheel as our example: 

    A player makes an inside bet directly on a single number for $10. The house edge on the American game is 5.26 percent. Such a player plays for an hour – about 50 decisions. He or she places $500 in action. With a house edge of 5.26 percent, the player is expected to lose $26.30. 

    Over a four-hour period that player is expected to lose $105.20. 

    Now let’s take a high roller doing the same exact thing but betting $100 per spin on an inside number. In an hour such a player is expected to lose $263.  In four hours, our player is expected to lose $1052.

    Many, if not most, roulette players do not just bet one inside number. They bet several or many numbers. That $10 player may be placing $10 on six or seven numbers. Some players build small smoke-stakes of chips on some numbers that have hit for them in the past. 

    The casino raters just look at how much money is wagered and use the above formula to calculate the worth of that player.If the player tends to bet many numbers the sum of all that money is put through the formula to come up with what that player is worth to the casino.

    A $10 player betting many bets is the equivalent at times to a small high roller. The $100 player on a single number is not worth as much as a $10 player on a dozen numbers. 

    [Please note: Rating players’ value is not as clear cut as I am making it out to be. I am using rating theory as opposed to concrete rating reality. It is hard to constantly add up many players making many bets during each decision. Much of the time the casino rater takes an educated guess as to how much a player is actually wagering. Also, they might write their guesstimates down on this decision and that decision but it is not on every decision. A full live roulette table has so many bets that it is a crazy-looking layout. Today the casino rater might even put the numbers immediately into the computer saving time by not hand-writing everything down. The computer would then figure out the values.]

    MATH VERSUS EMOTIONS

    Emotions play a large part in casino gambling. While players can’t duck the house edges of the games they love to play, they are in deep waters if they let their emotions take them over.

    The house edge is going to work against you whether you are in a calm frame of mind or whether you are getting rattled. But getting rattled is the quickest way to bet more money than you can afford or playing longer than you should on a quickly diminishing bankroll. 

    Yelling, screaming, whining, complaining, slamming your chips down when you bet; harassing the dealer, telling the floor person and the pit boss what you really think about them and their crummy casino doesn’t change the house edge. At best, they’ll throw you out of the casino (which might actually be a good thing) but at worst your luck will continue to be of the negative variety. 

    If you have had a bad run, and you doggedly continue to play, won’t change the odds of roulette or the house edge. You would still have a better chance to continue losing than you would to make an heroic comeback. Your emotions do not affect the fact that the casino has it over you. The more bets you make will not change the edge either.  When you are going on tilt, it can be a fast way down the mountain to the crowded bone-strewn valley named disaster.

    [Please note: The phrase “going on tilt” or “I am on tilt” or “I’m tilting” is often thought of as a poker term that describes a person who has lost his emotional self. Such a person will play recklessly, betting poorly, thereby losing all sense of the game. Some theorists think the term originated with players tilting the pinball machines in order to score points. Actually, it could have come from slot players in the late 1800s who would tilt the slot machine to get coins or presents to flow out. These players might have been on tilt themselves.]

    PLAYERS’ TEMPERAMENTS

    Obviously, each player has his or her own temperament. Some players are cool and laid back; others are demonstrative and aggressive. Some players are whiners and complainers; while some players think the casino is cheating because these players are losing. Just as people are in their normal lives, so they can be in their casino lives. You shouldn’t expect anything different.

    However, the casinos have more emotional pressure on individuals who are attempting to beat Lady Luck. That emotion is sifted down to the upcoming decisions and the decisions that have happened in the recent past. If good things have happened, the player is probably in a very good mood. If bad things have happened, the player can be miserable. How a player handles such emotions tells you much about that player’s character.

    In a land-based casino, or on riverboats, or at home on the Internet, casino play brings in all types of people. I personally prefer cool and laid-back players who know proper strategies, understand the house edges and how the casino creates those house edges. Knowing the advantage the casino has does not distort this player’s laid-back attitude.

    I don’t mind some cheering when things are going well but going emotionally ga-ga is not something I enjoy watching.

    Complainers and whiners are anathema to me. Aggressive players can be a nuisance. I do not enjoy drunks trying to be funny (they never are).  Or those who think of themselves as experts who are ready, willing and anxious to tell everyone how to play roulette. Many are not capable of giving proper advice since they don’t really understand the game they are playing. You see such behavior at blackjack and sometimes even at roulette.

    “Numbers repeat,” some will loudly tell other roulette players. “Numbers don’t repeat,” some will loudly tell other roulette players. The truth is simple: Some numbers repeat at times and some number don’t repeat for a long, long time. If the game is random then how the numbers fall is random too. There is no betting system that can beat that fact.

    I do not enjoy other players interfering with how I play my favorite games.  Come on, real life is tough enough and so is casino play for that matter. Don’t get too caught up in your emotional investments in casino games. Just be aware of your money!

    Adding to these facts a person lambasting everyone and everything just makes the game something of a horror show. If I want to be annoyed, I can find plenty of other activities that annoy me. I don’t want to be annoyed as the roulette ball makes its journey from the dealer’s hand to its final resting place by someone moaning about his or her bad luck. I agree, losing is not fun.

    THE PRESSURE OF LOSING

    Losing can tease some players into making wagering mistakes. I think most casino players have been there. Nothing is going right. You just keep falling deeper and deeper into the losing pit. So, what do you do?

    Many players will make the big no-no! They will increase the size of their bets in an attempt to get all their losses back in a short period of time. Sometimes this might work; most times it doesn’t work because the more money you invest in a game the greater the chance the casino edge grinds that money away.

    [Please note: Losing can bring out the worst in a player’s temperament. The system called the Martingale is the perfect system for players who can’t abide any losses. They just double up their bets until they win a decision and get all their losses back with an original win. That system works, until it doesn’t and loads of money can be lost. Avoid the Martingale!]

    All the best in and out of the casinos!

    April 7, 2021

    By Frank Scoblete

    Frank Scoblete
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    Frank Scoblete grew up in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn. He spent the ‘60s getting an education; the ‘70s in editing, writing and publishing; the ‘80s in theatre, and the ‘90s and the 2000s in casino gambling.

    Along the way he taught English for 33 years. He has authored 35 books; his most recent publisher is Triumph Books, a division of Random House. He lives in Long Island. Frank wrote the Roulette strategy guide and he's a well known casino specialist. 

    Frank Scoblete
    • Spanish 21 is a variant of blackjack in which all the ten-spot cards have been removed, resulting in a 48-card deck.
    • The game is offered in land-based and online casinos.
    • To compensate for the removal of the tens, and resulting higher house edge, the game has some very liberal playing rules and bonus hands.
    • The basic playing strategy is different from a traditional game. 
    • Depending on the mix of playing rules and number of decks of cards, the house edge can be as low as 0.37% using the Spanish 21 basic playing strategy.
    • There is a published card counting system for this game.

    Spanish 21 was invented in 1995 and the game has proliferated in land-based and online casinos. The game is played like the traditional game of blackjack with one major distinction: all four 10-spot cards are removed so a deck of cards in Spanish 21 contains only 48 cards. The objective is the same as it is in a traditional blackjack game, namely, having your hand total higher than the dealer’s hand without busting.  

    Playing live blackjack with a deck of cards that does not contain any ten-spots has a profound effect on the player’s odds because a player will be getting fewer blackjack hands (and the 3 to 2 payoff), and the dealer will not bust as often. In fact, the casino’s edge over a basic strategy player increases about 2% due to the removal of the four tens.

    Playing a game with a house edge of 2% is suicidal; however, to compensate for this large disadvantage, there are several very liberal playing rules and interesting and unique bonus hands offered in Spanish 21 that significantly reduce the house edge. 

    To make it easier for you to understand the playing rules for Spanish 21(S21), I’ve summarized them below and compared them to a traditional game of blackjack (TR21)

    TR21: Played with one, two, four, six, or eight decks of cards
    S21:  Six or eight decks of cards

    TR21: Cards can be dealt by hand, from a dealing shoe, or with a Continuous Shuffling Machine (CSM)
    S21: Dealt either from a dealing shoe or from CSM.

    TR21 and S21: Dealer receives a hole card

    TR21 and S21: Dealer must hit on 16 or less and stand on 17‒21. With soft 17, can either hit or stand depending on casino rules.

    TR21: A player’s 21 pushes a dealer’s 21 but loses to a dealer’s blackjack.
    SP21: Any player’s 21 beats any dealer’s 21. However, it losses if the player has 21 in more than two cards and the dealer has a blackjack.

    TR21: A blackjack hand occurs when the initially dealt two cards total 21, and it always pushes if the dealer has a blackjack in the same round.
    S21: A player blackjack always wins regardless of what the dealer has. (Even if the dealer has a blackjack or 21.)

    TR21 and S21: The rules for hitting and standing are the same.

    TR21: You can double down after you receive your initial two-card hand. Once you draw a third card, the double down option is no longer available.
    S21: You can double down on any number of cards.

    TR21: Doubling down after pair splitting is usually, but not always, allowed.
    S21: Always allowed.

    TR21: You can usually resplit pairs up to three or four hands but not with a pair of aces, which you can split only once.
    S21: You can resplit up to a maximum of four hands, including aces.

    TR21: Late surrender is sometimes allowed.  You can only surrender the initial two-card hand. Once you draw a third card, the surrender option is no longer available.
    S21: Surrender is always allowed even after hitting, pair splitting, or doubling down. In case of the latter, it is known as “double down rescue.”

    TR21: Insurance pays 2‒1.
    S21: Same 2‒1 payoff but because there are fewer tens in Spanish 21, the house edge skyrockets to 24.7%, making it one of the worst bets in a casino.

    TR21: Bonus hands rarely offered.
    S21: There are many bonus hands in Spanish 21. Below is a list of them.

    BONUS HAND PAYOUT
    Five-card 21 3‒2
    Six-card 21 2‒1
    Seven-or-more card 21 3‒1
    6-7-8 and 7-7-7 (mixed suits) 3‒2
    7-7-7 same suit 2‒1
    7-7-7 in spades 3‒1
    Player bets less than $25 and has suited 7-7-7 against any suited dealer’s 7 upcard $1,000 Super Bonus
    Same as above except if a player bets $25 or more $5,000 Super Bonus plus all other players get a $50 “envy” bonus payout

    Note: The above bonus payouts apply even if the hand resulted from a split; however, doubling down negates the bonus payout.

    In some casinos, a player may double down and then double down once more up to two times (known as redoubling).  For example, assume a player bets $5 and is dealt a 3-2, which totals 5, and the dealer has a 6 upcard.  He doubles down for an additional $5 and draws a 3 for a total of 8 (total bet =$10). He now has the option to double a second time for another $10 wager. Let’s assume the draw card was a 3 giving him a total of 11 (total wagered is $20). The player is also allowed to redouble again for $20 (the total amount wagered would be $40). This playing option to double and redouble is a very favorable player rule when optimally implemented.

    If you peruse the above rules for Spanish 21, you can see how extreme they are. For example, you can double down after drawing any number of cards to your hand not just after receiving the initial two cards. For example, suppose you have 3-4-2-2 for a four-card 11. You have the option of doubling down even though you have four cards in your hand.  Suppose the card drawn on the double down is not helpful for our hand. You could exercise the “double down rescue” option, which means you would forfeit your original bet but keep the secondary bet made in doubling. 

    If you are getting excited about playing Spanish 21, then pay attention to this. If you play the game as you would a traditional game of blackjack, you will be hammered. That’s because with all the ten-spot cards removed, the ratio of low cards to high cards in Spanish 21 is much different from a traditional blackjack game. Normally, four out of 13 cards in blackjack are ten-value cards (30.8%), but with Spanish 21, this ratio is reduced to three out of 12 (only 25%). In addition, if you get a 21 in blackjack, you don’t have a guaranteed win, whereas, in Spanish 21, you do (except you lose in one instance … if you have a multi-card 21 and the dealer has a blackjack).  The bottom line is this: these differences in rules have a great effect on the basic playing strategy.

    Here’s an example of how the basic strategy differs. If you have a stiff 12 through 16 in a  traditional blackjack game, and the dealer shows a 2 through 6 upcard, you should stand (except hit 12 against dealer’s 2 and 3). With Spanish 21, hitting becomes more attractive because you have less chance of busting (because there are fewer tens per deck), and if you draw to 21, you automatically win.  Therefore, the traditional “stand on stiffs” rule becomes “hit” in Spanish 21 when your hand contains four, five, or six cards. The traditional basic strategy advises you to stand with some hands regardless of the number of cards in your hand; however, with Spanish 21, the number of cards in your hand can influence whether you play a hand one or way or another.

    Here’s another example. Suppose you are dealt a 10-4 against a dealer’s four upcard. In a traditional game, basic strategy states to stand. With Spanish 21 you would also stand, except if your 14 consists of four or more cards, in which case you should hit.

    The potential bonus payout for five- and six-card 21 also affects the playing strategy.  In fact, you’ll risk busting some hard totals containing four, five, or six cards by taking another hit for a chance at a bonus 21 payout.

    The bottom line is that the basic blackjack strategy for Spanish 21 is different, and slightly more complicated, than the traditional basic playing strategy. It’s not impossible to learn the basic strategy for this game, you just have to spend a little more time doing it. 

    Note: You can find a basic playing strategy for Spanish 21 in the book The Pro’s Guide to Spanish 21 and Australian Pontoon by the late Katarina Walker, or on wizardofodds.com.

    HOUSE EDGE

    According to the detailed study on Spanish 21 done by Katarina Walker, the house edge can be as low as 0.37%, making it a very favorable game for basic strategy players. Note that the house edge changes depending upon the rules, and the number of decks of cards (see below).

    Note: s17, means dealer stands on soft 17
              h17, means dealer hits soft 17

    Rules Number of Decks House Edge
    s17 6 0.37%
    s17 8 0.38%
    h17 6 0.78%
    h17 8 0.79%

    Your best game is when the dealer must stand on soft 17 and six-decks of cards are used.

    Match the Dealer Side Bet

    This side bet is offered on most Spanish 21 games. The player wins the side bet if the rank of either or both of his or her initial two cards matches the rank of the dealer's up card. The house edge can be as low as 3.1% depending on the payouts. A study was done on whether card counting could be used for this side bet. For details, click here.

    Pontoon

    In Australia and some Internet sites, Pontoon is offered, which is similar to Spanish 21, but with some slight differences in rules. I don’t have the space to list them; however, if you want to play Pontoon, I strongly encourage you to read Walker’s book on the game.

    Spanish 21 on the Internet

    Some gambling sites offer Spanish 21. Others offer a similar game under a different name (e.g., Pirate 21). In any event, I would recommend you check the playing rules to be sure that all the liberal rules mentioned above are offered.

    Card Counting in Spanish 21

    Can you count cards playing Spanish 21? The answer is yes, and you’ll find details in Walker’s book, which contains a detailed counting system for the game.
     

    March 22, 2021

    By Henry Tamburin Ph.D

    Henry Tamburin
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    Henry Tamburin is one of world’s most respected blackjack experts and a world-class player. He is the author of the Ultimate Blackjack Strategy Guide, and Blackjack: Take The Money and Run. He edited the monthly Blackjack Insider Newsletter, and was a featured blackjack columnist for Casino Player magazine, Midwest Gaming and Travel magazine, Gaming South magazine, Southern Gaming magazine, New England Gaming News, Jackpot, Bingo Bugle, and Casino City Times.

    He has appeared on numerous gaming shows on the Travel Channel and A&E network, and has been a guest on hundreds of radio shows. Tamburin is also a skilled blackjack tournament player, and an invited guest at the prestigious Blackjack Ball, an annual gathering of blackjack professionals.  He has taught thousands of players how to get the edge at blackjack in his seminars, card-counting classes, newspaper and magazine articles, and on his websites (smartgaming.com and bjinsider.com).

    Besides is prowess at blackjack, Tamburin is also a skilled video poker and craps player. His column on video poker playing strategies appeared monthly in Strictly Slots magazine, and he also authored these books: Ten Best Casino Bets; Craps: Take the Money and Run; Henry Tamburin on Casino Gambling; and Winning Baccarat Strategies.    

    Henry Tamburin earned a Bachelor of Science and Ph.D. degrees in chemistry and worked as a production and technical manager for an International Chemical company for 27 years while pursuing his avocation as a part-time professional blackjack player. 
     

    Henry Tamburin Ph.D

    Even the oldest table games can have new wrinkles, and roulette, craps and blackjack are some of the longest-running player favorites.

    Regardless of whether you're playing at an online casino or a live casino, you're playing games with a lot of history.

    Modern roulette wheels, complete with 0 and 00, were used in Paris in the late 1700s. Craps has evolved over the centuries and is said to descend from a game called "hazard" that was played by British knights in the Crusades in the 1100s. Blackjack had a number of European precursors, but its direct lineage seems traceable to vingt-et-un, or 21, in France circa 1700.

    The games are still evolving, with new bets and side bets introduced almost every year.

    Let's look at three recent additions. You won't find them everywhere just yet.  It takes time for new wagers to build a following and convince more casinos to give then a try. They spread faster in online casinos than in live casinos, which have different space requirements and investments in equipment.

    For each of these options, here's how they work and how they affect your chance of winning.

    CRAPS

    Muggsy's Corner is designed to replace the Big 6 and Big 8 bets on the corners of craps tables.

    Those bets can do with some replacing. They work the same way as place bets on 6 and 8, but they pay less. If you bet on Big 6 or place 6, you win if the shooter rolls a 6 and lose if the shooter rolls a 7. Big 8 and place 8 work the same way with 8s instead of 6s. Problem: Big 6 and Big 8 pay even money, but place 6 and place 8 pay at 7-6 odds provided you bet in multiples of $6. House edges are 9.09 percent on the "Bigs," but only 1.52 percent on the place bets.

    Craps table

    With those numbers, there is no reason to bet Big 6 or Big 8.

    If you take those bad bets off the table, what do you do with the space?

    One potential solution is Muggsy's Corner.

    Muggsy's Corner is a one or two-roll bet with a 5.56-percent house edge. That's the same as the edge on the field when both 2 and 12 pay 2-1

    On the comeout roll, Muggsy's Corner wins if the shooter rolls a 7 and loses if the roll is 2, 3, 11 or 12. That's six ways to win -- six of the 36 possible rolls of two dice total 7 - and six ways to lose with one way to make 2, two to make 3, two to make 11 and one to make 12.

    Winners on the comeout are paid 2-1.

    If the comeout roll is 4, 5. 6, 8, 9 or 10, the Muggsy's Corner bet stays in place. If the next roll is a 7, Muggsy's Corner bettors win and are paid at 3-1 odds. All other rolls lose, so on that second chance there are still six ways to win but 30 ways to lose.

    You'll average a first-roll win once per six times you make the bet and a second-roll win once per nine times. Overall, you'll win 27.78 percent of your bets and the house will win 72.22 percent. The 2-1 payoff on a first-roll win and 3-1 on a second-roll win mean your average return is 94.44 percent of your wagers while the house keeps 5.56 percent.

    ROULETTE

    A new bet called 2G's gives you a chance at a 350-1 payoff in two spins of the wheel. You win if the winning number is either 0 or 00 on consecutive spins.

    Designed for a double-zero wheel, 2G'$ has a 2.77 percent house edge. That's a lower edge than other bets at double-zero wheels, where the edge is 5.26 percent on all wagers except the 7.89 percent on the five-number basket of 0, 00, 1, 2 and 3.

    Judging strictly by house edge, 2G'$ is a rarity in being more favorable for players than the main game. However, there's a lot of volatility built into results. While a single-number bet will win an average of once per 38 spins, and an 18-number bet such as red or black once per 2.1 spins, 2G'$ will win an average of only once per 361 spins.

    Here's the way it works. There are 38 numbers including 0 and 00 on a double-zero roulette wheel. To calculate the number of possible two-spin outcomes, multiply 38 by itself, and you get 1,444.

    Four possible outcomes are winners:  0 on the first spin and 0 on the second; 0 first and 00 second; 00 first and second; or 00 first and 0 second.

    Divide the four winners and the 1,444 total possibilities each by four, and you have an 1 in 361 chance of winning.

    If you bet $1 on each of 361 spins, you'd risk $361. On average, you'd win once to collect $350 in winnings and keep your $1 bet. That would give the house a $10 profit for the sequence.

    Divide the $10 house profit by the $361 wagered, then multiply by 10 to convert to percent, and you get a 2.77 percent house edge.

    BLACKJACK

    Match the Dealer has been around a little longer than Muggsy's Corner or 2G's and it's a little easier to find, though it's not a casino staple just yet.

    It's a side bet to designed for either blackjack or the blackjack variation Spanish 21. Payoffs and odds can vary between the two games because Spanish 21 is played with multiple 48-card decks instead of 52, with the 10-spots removed.

    Blackjack table

    You win if either of your first two cards matches the dealer's face-up card in rank. There's a bigger payoff if you match the dealer in both rank and suit.

    In standard blackjack, payoffs on an unsuited match are 4-1 if the game is using two, four or six decks. The payoff decreases to 3-1 if five or eight decks are in play.

    There's a bigger return if you match the dealer in the same suit. Then payoffs are 19-1 with two decks, 14-1 with four, 15-1 with five, 11-1 with six and 14-1 with eight.

    Four and five decks are mainly seen in live casinos that use automatic continuous shufflers. In online casinos, four- and five-deck games are very rare.

    House edges are 3.3 percent with two decks, 4.8 with four or five, 4.1 with six and 3.7 with eight.

    That's better than many side bets but not as favorable as the main game where basic strategy can cut the edge to less than 1 percent.

    That makes Match the casino dealer a bet for players who like the thrill of chasing a bigger one-hand payoff than you can get on the main game.

    The same goes for Spanish 21, where blackjack basic strategy players also can cut the edge to less than 1 percent on the main game.

    Spanish 21 is dealt with six or eight 48-card decks. With six decks, payoffs are 4-1 on unsuited matches and 9-1 on suited matches. Eight-deck payoffs are 3-1 if the match unsuited and 12-1 if suited.

    House edges are 3.1 percent with six decks and 3.0 with eight, making Match the Dealer a bit better in Spanish 21 than in standard blackjack.

    Either way, Match the Dealer gives players new ways to chase bigger payoffs as centuries-old casino games continue to add new wrinkles.

    January 17, 2021

    By John Grochowski

    John Grochowski
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    For nearly 25 years, John Grochowski has been one of the most prolific gaming writers in the United States. He’s been ranked ninth by GamblingSites among the top 11 gambling experts at Gambling Sites and his Video Poker Answer Book was ranked eighth among the best gambling books of all time.

    He started a weekly casinos column in the Chicago Sun-Times at the beginning of 1994 and He soon found himself in demand by a wide range of publications. He has written for casino industry professionals in Casino Executive and Casino Journal magazines, and for players in Casino Player, Strictly Slots and many other magazines.

    John’s twice-weekly columns appear in Casino City Times, Atlantic City Weekly and several websites. He has written six books on casino games, including the “Casino Answer Book” series. And, of course, John is a regular at 888casino Blog.

    Today John’s work includes a weekly column on baseball metrics for the Sun-Times. He lives in the Chicago area with Marcy, his wife of 30 years.

    John Grochowski

    The one aspect of the game of blackjack that has garnered the most publicity is card counting. Countless number of books have been written about it; a host of internet websites and “chat rooms” discuss it; and card counting has even been featured in several popular Hollywood movies (e.g., Rain Man and 21). Nevertheless, most casino players really don’t understand what card counting is all about, which is why I developed this short true/false quiz. Get a sheet a paper and a writing instrument, and as you read each question below, jot down whether the statement is True or False. Then grade your quiz by comparing your answers to the ones at the end of this article. (There you’ll also find the details as to why a statement was true or false.)

    Ready? Let’s get started. (Note: Give yourself one point for each correct answer.)

    QUESTIONS

    1. Card counting is illegal.
    2. You have to be a mathematical genius to learn card counting.
    3. In the movie Rain Man, a casino employee in surveillance is trying to figure out how autistic (actor) Dustin Hoffman is winning all that money playing blackjack. The employee says the following:  “He is not catching a hole card, he isn’t past-posting, and I don’t see him using a computer. But something is not right – you know there is no one in the world that can count into a 6-deck shoe.” Is the latter comment True or False?
    4. Card counters don’t win every time they play.
    5. You must have a tremendous bankroll to be a card counter.
    6. Nowadays, casinos will take you into a backroom and beat you up if they catch you card counting.
    7. The most important factors that a card counter looks for in a game is the percentage of cards dealt prior to shuffling, and the mix of playing rules.
    8. The odds in blackjack are not static from one round to the next.
    9. Removal of small cards (2 through 6) has a positive effect on a player’s expectation.
    10. When the deck becomes richer in large cards, the card counter has the edge,  and he bets more.
    11. Card counters lose more hands than they win.
    12. There are many different types of card counting systems.
    13. Card counters need to disguise their method of play.
    14. Card counters use their count to vary the size of their bets and sometimes their blackjack strategy.
    15. Card counters can enjoy a 10% edge over the casino.
    16. Unbalanced card counting systems are easier to use than balanced card counting systems.
    17. Many professional blackjack players play on blackjack teams.
    18. The bigger the bet spread the greater the edge for the card counter.
    19. Card counters can still win even when the casino uses a continuous shuffling machine.
    20. Over-betting when you card count is a major downfall of most fledgling card counters.

    ANSWERS

    1. False. Using your brain when you play blackjack is not illegal; neither is card counting. (Note: However, using a concealed electronic device to aid you in card counting is illegal.) 
    2. False. The movie 21 portrays card counting as an intellectually difficult task that can be learned only by top-level MIT college students with high IQs. That’s baloney. If you have average intelligence (meaning you can read, write, and can mentally add and subtract), you can learn card counting.
    3. False. Card counting “works” in a six-deck game although there are some extra steps involved compared to counting in, say, a single-deck game.
    4. True. The general public mistakenly believes that card counters win every time they play. That’s not the case. The edge a card counter has is very small and counters will, and do, experience losing sessions. However, over the long haul, they will win more money than they lose. 
    5. False. If your bankroll is meager, you just need to play at a lower minimum bet size. What is important is that you have enough bankroll in relation to your bet size to withstand short-term losing streaks. (Remember, you can’t win every time you play.)
    6. False. Although this has occurred in the past, nowadays this doesn’t happen anymore because several card counters have won large settlements from casinos for abusing their rights as a player. 
    7. True. The percentage of cards dealt is known as “penetration.” The deeper the penetration, the more profitable the game will be for a card counter. Additionally, counters also look for a good mix of player-favorable playing rules. A host of good rules will also increase the counter’s edge; whereas, a host of bad rules may make the game less profitable. It’s a combination of the penetration and the blackjack rules that determine if a game is worth playing for a card counter.
    8. True. The odds change depending on what cards were played (and removed) in previous rounds.
    9. True. The removal of small cards (i.e., 2 through 6) results in the deck’s becoming richer in large cards (i.e., 10, J, Q, K, Aces). That’s better for a card counter because he is more likely to get a blackjack (and a bonus 3 to 2 payoff); his chances of drawing a big card when he doubles down increase; an abundance of large cards favors pair splitting; the dealer breaks more frequently when he shows a stiff 2 through 6 upcard; and the insurance bet becomes profitable.
    10. True. For the reasons stated in the above answer, the card counter will increase his bets when the deck becomes richer in large cards.
    11. True. Counters actually lose more hands than they win but they win more money than they lose, in aggregate. How do they accomplish this? They have a lot more bet on the hands that they win compared to the amount of money bet on the hands that they lose. It’s that simple.
    12. True. There are dozens of different card counting systems that have been developed and published, with different  levels of complexity. The most popular is known as Hi-Lo. There are also entry level counting systems that are easier to master but give less of an edge compared to, say, Hi-Lo. Then there is a class of unbalanced card counting systems, also slightly easier to use than Hi-Lo. (For details on the different card counting systems. Click here.) 
    13. True. In order to prolong their playing careers, most card counters camouflage the fact that they are card counting by how they bet and/or play their hands. (Although a new breed of counters has been using more aggressive play with little regard to camouflage.  For details, click here for one example of this style of play.)
    14. True.  This is how counters get their advantage; they bet more when they have the edge and sometimes vary their playing strategy. (For example, if the deck is rich in high cards, they will bet more, and if they are dealt, say, a 10-6 with the dealer showing a 10,  they would stand rather than hit.)
    15. False. The edge a card counter has is usually in the range of 0.5% to 1.5%.
    16. True. With unbalanced card counting systems, you don’t have to convert the running count to a true count in multi-deck games. The most popular unbalanced counting system is known as K-O (or Knock Out). 
    17. True.  Playing on a team reduces bankroll risk and increases profitability.  (Note: There are still some part-time professional card counters who play solo. For an example, click here.)
    18. True.  Bet spread is important to increase the counter’s edge. In a single-deck game, a 1-4 bet spread is sufficient. The bet spread needs to be greater when the number of decks increases. (In a six-deck game, a counter will use a 1 to 10 or 12 bet spread, or higher, betting the minimum when he doesn’t have the edge then increasing his bets up to a maximum of 10 or 12 units or higher when the edge swings in his favor.)
    19. False. Although there have been a few isolated cases of counters using very advanced techniques to gain the edge against a continuous shuffling machine (CSM), for the most part card counting doesn’t work when a CSM is used. (Note: With a CSM, the cards from each round are placed back into the shuffler where they are randomly inserted into the other decks of cards.)
    20. True. The biggest downfall of most card counters is not having enough bankroll for the size of their bets they are making. Mathematical equations have been used to determine how much bankroll a counter needs to reduce the risk of going broke (known as risk-of-ruin).

    If you scored below an 18 on the quiz and want to learn more about card counting, I encourage you to read Chapter 10 in my Ultimate Blackjack Strategy Guide. 

    January 18, 2021

    By Henry Tamburin Ph.D

    Henry Tamburin
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    Henry Tamburin is one of world’s most respected blackjack experts and a world-class player. He is the author of the Ultimate Blackjack Strategy Guide, and Blackjack: Take The Money and Run. He edited the monthly Blackjack Insider Newsletter, and was a featured blackjack columnist for Casino Player magazine, Midwest Gaming and Travel magazine, Gaming South magazine, Southern Gaming magazine, New England Gaming News, Jackpot, Bingo Bugle, and Casino City Times.

    He has appeared on numerous gaming shows on the Travel Channel and A&E network, and has been a guest on hundreds of radio shows. Tamburin is also a skilled blackjack tournament player, and an invited guest at the prestigious Blackjack Ball, an annual gathering of blackjack professionals.  He has taught thousands of players how to get the edge at blackjack in his seminars, card-counting classes, newspaper and magazine articles, and on his websites (smartgaming.com and bjinsider.com).

    Besides is prowess at blackjack, Tamburin is also a skilled video poker and craps player. His column on video poker playing strategies appeared monthly in Strictly Slots magazine, and he also authored these books: Ten Best Casino Bets; Craps: Take the Money and Run; Henry Tamburin on Casino Gambling; and Winning Baccarat Strategies.    

    Henry Tamburin earned a Bachelor of Science and Ph.D. degrees in chemistry and worked as a production and technical manager for an International Chemical company for 27 years while pursuing his avocation as a part-time professional blackjack player. 
     

    Henry Tamburin Ph.D

    No, you can’t. Anyway that’s the answer I’d give if I were talking to you informally. However, there are a lot of if’s and but’s to this answer. Things never seem to be overly simple in the real world do they? 

    So follow me on this, or you can skip to here:

    THE GOOD LUCK FACTOR

    Take the simplest of the but answers first: If a person plays one session or a few sessions at the game of roulette and has enough good luck to come out ahead and then goes home and doesn’t play again for the rest of his life, well, this person has beaten the game and has played the personal equivalent of the “long run.”

    [Please note: The long-run is an ill-defined term that means a long time which means we basically have no clear idea of what the long run is. However, we do know that betting should be based on the probabilities as there are no short-run systems that can overturn the casino’s edge over the player.]

    I actually know one person who did walk away a winner and he did it at three games in his one visit to the casino. Let’s call him Vincent. He won $10 at blackjack, $28 in craps and a whopping $160 at roulette. He didn’t enjoy casino playing for some reason (oh, his wife sure did!) so he retired with his win. (Talk about quitting while you are ahead.)

    So winning at roulette and then quitting for good we shall call the short-term-long-term good luck factor. Very few casino players will ever have that because it tends to go against the human grain.

    THE TWO FOLD ROULETTE SITUATION

    Roulette is actually two different games in one. You have the wagering game; which just means what types of bets you make on the layout. To actually play you have to make a bet on the layout. These can be inside straight up bets directly on the numbers or various proposition bets on the outside of the layout. You have your choice of betting one or the other or both types as you play. So a progressive bettor can also be a straight-up bettor.

    The second type of roulette game is to play against the wheel. That’s correct. The roulette wheel numbers are laid out differently than the layout numbers. The wheel numbers are generally a given number and its companion number across the wheel on the other side.So look for the number 1 and across the wheel will be the number 2. This tends to hold for both the American double-zero wheel (0 and 00) and for the European single-zero wheel (0).

    Therefore, players who bet, let us say, the numbers 1 through 5 on the layout might think they are betting five numbers next to each other on the wheel. They aren’t. Those numbers on the wheel are not together; they are separated by other numbers. Those five numbers are only together on the layout.

    [Please note: Why were the numbers laid out this dual way; one way on the layout and one way on the wheel? That was to protect the casino from having someone accidentally bet a string of numbers that were hitting because there might be something wrong with the wheel itself. Remember that wheels in the past were not perfect and grouping could occur because of that.

    Almost all roulette players are layout bettors; they are rarely interested in where the numbers they are betting appear on the wheel. Historically, the casino is in good shape because roulette bettors are layout bettors.

    Here are some of the classic layout roulette strategies:

    • The Martingale 
    • The Grand Martingale 
    • The Paroli Betting System
    • The D'Alembert betting system
    • The Fibonacci betting system

    Remember that these are all layout systems and thus they cannot give the player the edge. But, yes, they are fun to play yet that must always be in your mind when you play them. Don’t get lured in that they are long-run winners.

    TRADITIONAL METHODS OF GETTING A REAL EDGE

    Most roulette players have heard of the following methods. Some of which can actually give the player an edge at the game:

    • Biased wheel play: The wheel is “off” and certain numbers are appearing out of all proportion to their probabilities. You will usually see several numbers in a group on the wheel doing this and you bet those numbers. Usually the player(s) attempting this strategy will log in hundreds if not thousands of spins to get a good record of the numbers that have been hitting. Some of the biggest known wins have come from this type of play. Is it easy to do? Heck no!
       
    • Big number play: You check the scoreboard for maybe 60 spins to see what numbers are repeating. You bet these numbers. If they are repeating in such a way that they are basically next to or close to each other on the wheel than you might bet more money on them. This can be considered the “lazy-person’s” biased wheel play. 
       
    • Dealer signature play: Can a dealer, probably a long-time, experienced dealer, select with a high degree of accuracy where he or she will land the ball on the wheel? Can this be done consciously and from practice over the years? Or can it be the result of routine and habit in spinning the ball a certain way each and every time? The dealer might not know what he or she is doing but he or she is certainly doing it.
       
    • Visual wheel tracking play: Is it possible for a player to analyze where the ball will land based on the dealer’s spin of the ball around the top of the wheel? Some advocates of this type of play claim it can be done often and sufficiently enough to win them loads of money. You have to actually watch the ball and determine mathematically and by sight what will happen. I got nauseous trying to do this.
       
    • Computer analysis of where the ball will land: Yes, this has been done in the past. It did work.

    Do any of these still work? Well, I’ll give you some good news first: My wife, the Beautiful AP and I found a biased wheel at the Rio in the early 1990’s. I’ve written about this before. We discovered it totally by accident. When the pit boss realized what we were doing after a decently long stretch of time (for us!), he closed the table down.

    Now, here is the bad news. Today’s wheels are far more sophisticated than those of the past. Biased-wheel play and big-number play were based on the fact that the wheels had imperfections in design and in the types and frequencies of repairs they needed. Some casinos ignored their wheels for prolonged periods of time.

    In addition, the pockets were often much deeper than today’s pockets. The deeper the pockets the less the ball bounced from one to another. With today’s shallow pockets the ball will bounce far more than it ever did in the past. The shallow pockets help to keep the game randomized

    Biased-wheel play could also be caused by some pockets on the old wheels actually being even deeper than the other deep pockets which meant such deeper pockets would catch the ball more readily. The numbers on those pockets would come up more than the numbers on the other pockets. You won’t find this on today’s wheels. The pockets are almost perfectly the same.

    In the past, the bumpers along the inside of the wheel helped randomize the game. This is still the case. It is estimated that the ball will hit a bumper between 25 to 50 percent of the time.

    So you have bumpers, shallower pockets and one more thing: The casinos check those wheels almost daily by computer. It would be rare; if not so rare it would be impossible, for the wheel to be “off.” 

    What about a dealer hitting his aimed-for spot so it lands in the pocket of his choice? Not with those shallow pockets bouncing and careening the ball every which way. What about a player being able to see where the ball will land and what pocket it will stay in? Not with those shallow pockets and the bumpers too.

    And finally, what about computer play? Can’t those computers of yours get you an edge no matter what type of new wheels and computerized checking that the casinos can do?

    Not really. The computers have the same problem that a visual tracker has. Those new wheels are just too sophisticated to be beaten. And there is another thing. In the past, the people who have tried this are usually caught, arrested and are unable to play roulette in prison. Even using a cell phone at a table is not allowed. A word to the wise.

    WHAT ARE TODAY PLAYERS DO? 

    You can pretend to use the physical ideas of the past if you are fully aware that they will not gain you an edge but are fun to play. I would caution you not to over bet your bankroll – a tendency many players have when betting on multiple numbers.

    If you do love betting multiple numbers then why not go to the outside of the layout and bet the propositions that you find there. Each column-bet has 12 numbers you can bet. 

    You can even do a form of biased-wheel play, using the big-number technique, with the column numbers. Just one number is enough to get you to bet that column. You’ve given yourself 12 numbers that can win and you can pretend that you are going after your “big numbers” by betting this way.

    Two things create a problem for players after a given time at the roulette tables. Part of the fun of casino gambling is the delicious anticipation when waiting for the next decision. When that decision comes you are either elated or unhappy. Then the anticipation sets in again and the process repeats itself. It goes like this: anticipation/decision, anticipation/decision.

    As time passes most players start to play faster and faster. The anticipation is watered down and the player needs more action to keep his or her juices flowing. This naturally causes the player to bet more and more money than previously because of the new speed of play.

    Drinking can also lead one to play faster and faster and to begin to make too many bets and/or poor betting choices. These are things that wise players avoid. Of course, that takes quite a lot of discipline.

    [Please note: Roulette players who are waiting for other players to finish placing their bets will tend to make more bets because they do not want to wait any longer. This does happen when players have been playing for a good amount of time. More bets mean more money facing the house edge. So, interestingly enough, with more players at a roulette table, the game will slow down but the number of bets you might make will increase!]

    LAYOUTS SYSTEMS

    There are some layout systems which can be devastating to the player, for example the Martingale and the Grand Martingale, which are basically double up or increase your bet levels during previous losing decisions. 

    The Paroli system or the parley system as it is usually called, means increasing bets as you are winning. This sounds good but keep in mind the term “as you are winning” has no meaning in a game where the casino has an edge. You won in the past and that fact is no indication you will win in the future, be that future immediate or long range. You are just giving the casino’s edge more money upon which to grind.

    I will write about these systems in future articles but the bottom line is simple – they can’t beat the house. I do admit that they are fun to play and having a preset plan makes the game more interesting in my view.

    All the best in and out of the casinos!

    January 18, 2021

    By Frank Scoblete

    Frank Scoblete
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    Frank Scoblete grew up in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn. He spent the ‘60s getting an education; the ‘70s in editing, writing and publishing; the ‘80s in theatre, and the ‘90s and the 2000s in casino gambling.

    Along the way he taught English for 33 years. He has authored 35 books; his most recent publisher is Triumph Books, a division of Random House. He lives in Long Island. Frank wrote the Roulette strategy guide and he's a well known casino specialist. 

    Frank Scoblete

    As long as slot machines have accepted wagers of more than one coin at a time, operators have tried to persuade players to make maximum bets.

    In their day, the Trump Casinos in New Jersey and Indiana even had an anthropomorphic walking gold coin character called "Max Coins" urging players to bet the max for the highest paybacks.

    Should players bet the max? Is betting the max the key to how to win on slots? Should you bet the max on any of online slots, video slots, three-reel slots? How do progressives figure into all this?

    The answer differs from machine to machine and game type to game type.

    Let's weigh some possibilities.

    TOP JACKPOT HAS A BIG JUMP WITH MAXIMUM BETS

    Slot players were first urged to bet the max when multi-coin games became common in the 1960s and '70. Back then, and all the way until video slots made a real impact, nearly all slots had three reels, most had only one payline, and nearly all had a disproportionately large jump in the top jackpot if you bet the max.

    One that's been a favorite of three-reel players for a long time is Double Diamond Deluxe. One common version pays 800 coins for a one-coin wager or 1,600 for a two-coin wager if you line up three Double Diamonds.

    However, if you bet the maximum of three coins, the jackpot doesn't show a proportionate increase to 2,400 coins, it makes a bigger leap to 2.500 coins.

    If you bet one or two coins the jackpot is 800 coins per coin wagered. If you bet the max, the payoff is 833.33 coins per coin wagered.

    Essentially, you're playing a higher pay table when you bet the max, so your payback percentage is highest when you bet the max.

    That doesn't mean betting the max is a profit-making opportunity, nor is it a key to winning on slots.

    One version common on 25-cent machines returns 92.6 percent to players. It calculates out to 92.5 percent if you bet one or two coins, but 92.7 on the third to bring the average to 92.6.

    The house has an edge on every coin, and the house makes its biggest profit when you bet the max even though you're getting a higher percentage.

    Other games with bigger jackpot jumps present a bigger gap between payback percentages for small and large bets, but on virtually every slot, the house still has an edge on the last coin and gets its biggest profit when you bet the most.

    BOTTOM LINE

    If there is a disproportionate jump in the top jackpot, betting the max brings a higher payback percentage but usually also can bring bigger losses because of bigger bets.

    ONLINE AND VIDEO SLOTS

    The most common configuration for online slots and video slots in live casinos is to have five virtual reels, though there are a few three-reel games and a few with six, seven or more reels.

    Across those virtual reels are multiple paylines. The earliest popular video slots had five lines. Soon, lines were expanded to nine, 15, 20, 30 and more. Forty lines are common today, with 50 and 100 also in use.

    Some games don't use traditional paylines. Instead, any left-to-right path that connects symbols on adjacent reels can form a winning combo. When there are five video reels, each three reels deep, there are 243 such paths, and the games are referred to as "243 ways to win" games.

    Early in video slots' rise, game manufacturers tried the format that had worked so well with reel slots. They tried giving the top jackpot a disproportionate jump just like three-reel games.

    Casinos found players weren't taking the bait. Many early 1990s video slots with five lines accepted wagers of up to five coins per line -- a 25 credit max. It was quickly established that a few players bet only one coin, most covered all the paylines but for less than the max, and that the average bet was between two and three coins per line.

    Disproportionate jackpots were not doing the job of encouraging extra play. Slot makers adjusted their approach.

    Today, very, very few video slots or online slots offer a disproportionate jackpot jump for a max bet, so there is no payback percentage advantage to betting the max.

    BOTTOM LINE

    Be sure to cover all paylines with your bets, but on most online and video slots there is no gain in payback percentage when betting the max.

    PROGRESSIVE SLOT MACHINES

    There are several ways to design a progressive slot. All involve taking portions of each bet and adding it to the jackpot or jackpots. The value of the pot keeps rising until someone wins it, collects, and the pot is reset to a starting value.

    Progressives began on three-reel slots as extra incentive to chase the top jackpot.

    Using the Double Diamond Deluxe example from above, a jackpot rise from 800 to 1,600 to 2,500 offers a small incentive to bet the max. But what if the jackpot is progressive, hasn't hit in some time, and the rise stands at 800 to 1,600 to 5,000 or more?

    Now the jackpot adds much more to the machine's overall payback percentage, and you see a bigger gain when you bet the max.

    Video and online slots usually involve multiple progressive tiers. We've seen two jackpot levels, 12 and any number in between. Usually, lower-tier jackpots are small, worth a few bets, and designed to keep you interested and fund a few extra plays. It's not until the upper tiers that you see jackpots of thousands of credits.

    There are several variations of multi-tiered progressives:

    SYMBOL-DRIVEN, MUST BET MAX TO BE ELIGIBLE FOR JACKPOTS

    These are rare on video and online slots. If you see one, the payback percentage is highest when you bet the max, but the marketplace has mostly left such games behind.

    SYMBOL DRIVEN, NO EXTRA BET NEEDED

    Funding for the jackpot comes from lower paybacks on the basic game than on other similar slots. These, too, are rare, but if you see one, either make the max bet to be jackpot eligible or choose a different game. There is no point in settling for a lower payback percentage without being eligible for the good stuff.

    SYMBOL DRIVEN, EXTRA BET REQUIRED

    One of the problems designers face is that video and online slot players make wildly different-sized bets. How do you make a player betting 1 cent per line on a 40-line game eligible for the same jackpots and a player betting 10 coins per line?

    One way to accomplish that is to make bets on the progressives separate from bets on the base game. You might see an option to bet 15 cents or some other amount to be jackpot eligible. That way, everyone can bet what they want on the main game, but they're betting the same amount on the jackpots.

    Again, progressive slots usually have lower returns on the base game than other slots, so if you're going to play one of these games, make the progressive bet. If you don't want to make the extra bet, choose a different game.

    MYSTERY JACKPOTS

    These are the most common video and online progressives.

    Parameters are set, and a random number generator chooses a number between them. The parameters could involve time, number of spins, total money wagered or jackpot size.

    Let's say the parameters are jackpot size, and the jackpot must be at least $100 but no more than $250. The RNG will choose an amount between those parameters. The player whose wager pushes the jackpot to the amount selected wins it.

    There is an advantage to larger bets on such games in that a bigger bet gives you more chances to push the jackpot to the designated total.

    Let's say a penny is added to the jackpot for every 25 cents wagered. A player betting $2.50 will increase the jackpot by 10 cents, and each cent is a chance to match the RNG's number. A player betting 50 cents increases the jackpot by only 2 cents, so there's a smaller chance to push the jackpot to the needed amount.

    Bigger bettors have proportionately more chances to win a jackpot than smaller bettors. But smaller bettors still have a chance at the jackpots and get the same payback percentage as bigger bettors.

    BOTTOM LINE

    If you're going to play a progressive, bet what it takes to be jackpot eligible. But with the exception of three-reel , single progressive games, that usually does not require betting the max.

    December 7, 2020

    By John Grochowski

    John Grochowski
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    For nearly 25 years, John Grochowski has been one of the most prolific gaming writers in the United States. He’s been ranked ninth by GamblingSites among the top 11 gambling experts at Gambling Sites and his Video Poker Answer Book was ranked eighth among the best gambling books of all time.

    He started a weekly casinos column in the Chicago Sun-Times at the beginning of 1994 and He soon found himself in demand by a wide range of publications. He has written for casino industry professionals in Casino Executive and Casino Journal magazines, and for players in Casino Player, Strictly Slots and many other magazines.

    John’s twice-weekly columns appear in Casino City Times, Atlantic City Weekly and several websites. He has written six books on casino games, including the “Casino Answer Book” series. And, of course, John is a regular at 888casino Blog.

    Today John’s work includes a weekly column on baseball metrics for the Sun-Times. He lives in the Chicago area with Marcy, his wife of 30 years.

    John Grochowski

    The banker bet in baccarat is a rarity among casino bets, regardless of whether you’re playing online or offline. That doesn’t make it a profitable bet, though it does have a very low house edge of 1.06 percent.

    The house gets that edge by charging a 5 percent commission on winning baccarat bets. If you win a $20 bet on the banker hand,  you get $20 in winnings, but you have to pay the house its commission, so $1 goes back into casino coffers.

    But what happens if your bet is less than $20? Then the commission is less than $1. How the casino handles that situation makes a big difference and could send the house edge soaring to 3.36 percent.

    Over the years, many casinos have had live baccarat tables with $20 minimum bets, and even had yellow $20 chips for use in baccarat. Other casino games usually aren’t stocked with the $20 chips, nicknamed “bananas” by generations of baccarat players.

    The trouble spot comes at mini-baccarat tables, where $10 minimum bets are widespread. Mini-baccarat, played at seven-player tables, usually is found on the main casino floor. Big baccarat, with seats for 14 players, more often is found in high-limit rooms.

    Rules at mini-baccarat and big baccarat are exactly the same. You still have a choice of whether to bet on a banker hand or a player hand, and a high-house edge tie bet is available. 

    The banker and player hands each start with two cards, and whether a third card is dealt is according to the baccarat rules posted at the table.

    With a $10 bet on banker, a 5 percent commission would be 50 cents. That’s fine at casinos that have 50-cent chips or stock baccarat tables with coins to make change. It’s also fine online, where pays in partial dollars can be made electronically.

    The problem is at casinos that post a minimum commission of $1. On a $10 bet, that’s a 10-percent commission, and that increase the house edge.

    Let’s do a little arithmetic.

    With all hands considered, banker wins 45.86 percent of the time, player wins 44.62 percent and 9.52 percent are ties.

    If you’re betting banker or player, ties are pushes and you get your money back. Of the hands that are played to a hit/stand decision and money changes hands, 50.86 percent are wins for banker and 49.32 percent are wins for player.

    That’s why casinos charge a commission on winning banker bets. Banker wins more often than it loses, and if the bets paid even money with no commission, the house would lose money. 

    More than that: The game would disappear. Players would rapidly conclude the banker bet was the only way to go, and the house wouldn’t leave an unprofitable game on the floor.

    Let’s run through an example using $10 wagers, first assuming the casino can make change for a 50-cent commission, then for a casino that charges a minimum commission of $10.

    Assume you wager $10 per hand on banker for 1,000 hands, for a total risk of $10,000. With a bit of rounding, banker would average 459 wins, along with 446 wins for player and 95 ties.

    You’d keep your $10 bets on the 459 banker wins and the 95 ties, for a total of $5,540.

    Pre-commission winnings would come to $4,590, upping the total to $10,130. That’s more than your $10,000 in wagers, leading to the commission to give the house its edge.

    A 50-cent commission on each of the 459 winners would total $229.50. Deduct that from the $10,130 total, and you’re left with $9,900.50. The house has a $99.50 profit.

    If the house has a minimum $1 commission, then everything looks the same until commission deduction time. Instead of $229.50, $459 is deducted from the $10,130 total, leaving $9,671. The house has a $329 profit, more than triple the house take if it could make change for a 5 percent commission on a $10 bet.

    Now we can apply the same exercise to the player bet. Any baccarat guide will tell you the player bet, with its 1.24 percent house edge, is one of the better casino bets overall, but not as good in baccarat as banker with its 1.06 percent edge.

    No commission is charged on winning player bets. As noted above, player loses more often than it wins, so no commission is necessary to give the house an edge.

    So let’s get back to our theoretical 1,000 hands, this time betting $10 per hand on player.

    Again, you risk $10,000. This time, you keep your $10 bets on 446 player wins and 95 ties for $5,410. You also get $10 innings for each of the player wins for $4,460. 

    With no deductions, the total on your side of the table after the trial is $9,870, and the house has a $130 profit.

    Let’s look at all those average loss figures together for 1,000 hands at $10 a hand.  Banker bet, with the nominal 5 percent commission, $99.50. Player bet, $130. Banker bet, with a $1 minimum commission ramping up the effective fee to 10 percent on winning bets, $329.

    Losses for a $10 player are more than three times as high if the casino doesn’t make change on the commission compared to the banker bet at the 5 percent rate. And losses are nearly three times as high on banker with the less favorable commission as on player.

    If you’re a low roller at a mini-baccarat table with a common $10 minimum bet and a $1 minimum commission, the banker bet is no longer the most attractive bet at the table. Instead, player becomes a better choice.

    Your best choice is to look for baccarat tables, online casino or off, where the house will make change and keep the commission at 5 percent for low rollers. But if that option’s not available to you, the player bet steps up as your best option.

    November 17, 2020

    By John Grochowski

    John Grochowski
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    For nearly 25 years, John Grochowski has been one of the most prolific gaming writers in the United States. He’s been ranked ninth by GamblingSites among the top 11 gambling experts at Gambling Sites and his Video Poker Answer Book was ranked eighth among the best gambling books of all time.

    He started a weekly casinos column in the Chicago Sun-Times at the beginning of 1994 and He soon found himself in demand by a wide range of publications. He has written for casino industry professionals in Casino Executive and Casino Journal magazines, and for players in Casino Player, Strictly Slots and many other magazines.

    John’s twice-weekly columns appear in Casino City Times, Atlantic City Weekly and several websites. He has written six books on casino games, including the “Casino Answer Book” series. And, of course, John is a regular at 888casino Blog.

    Today John’s work includes a weekly column on baseball metrics for the Sun-Times. He lives in the Chicago area with Marcy, his wife of 30 years.

    John Grochowski

    Have you ever wondered why blackjack has been the most popular table game in casinos for the past 50 or so years? Its popularity arises for these four reasons.

    1. You can reduce the house edge to less than 1%
    2. You can reduce your monetary loss by taking advantage of comps
    3. Learn when to bet more, and when to bet less
    4. You can get the edge in blackjack tournaments by playing better than your opponents play

    YOU CAN REDUCE THE HOUSE EDGE TO LESS THAN 1%

    Most other table games in casinos have house edges greater than 1% (in some cases much greater), and except for a technique known as dice control for craps (which is difficult to master), there isn’t much you can do to reduce the inherent house edge. However, with blackjack, all it takes is knowing, and using, the basic playing strategy. By doing so, it’s possible to lower the house edge to only a half percent (and sometimes lower depending upon the playing rules).

    I know most players abhor learning the basic strategy. They want to have fun when they play and memorizing a bunch of strategy decisions seems like too much work. If you happen to be one of these players, I have some good news to share with you. In Chapters 2 and 3 in my Ultimate Blackjack Strategy Guide, you will find tables and charts that contain the basic playing strategy and tips on how to learn it (Chapter 4). Moreover, here’s the best tip of all: you can bring a strategy card with you and refer to it when you play blackjack. They are casino legal; however, for security reasons, don’t place the strategy card on the table, instead place it in your lap or hold it in your hand and refer to it to make the correct playing decision on every hand. If you do this, you can lower the house edge to less than 1% without a whole lot of effort. (Note: Keep in mind that to achieve the approximate 0.5% house edge with basic strategy, you must play a blackjack game with a mix of player-favorable rules. See Chapter 2 in my Guide for more details.)

    YOU CAN REDUCE YOUR MONETARY LOSS BY TAKING ADVANTAGE OF COMPS

    Here’s how this works. Most casinos assume a 1‒2% edge over the masses of players who play blackjack. That’s pretty close to the majority of blackjack players who use a seat-of-the-pants playing strategy. However, the smart basic strategy player faces only a half-percent (or less) house edge. The difference between the casino’s perceived 1‒2 % advantage vs. your 0.5% disadvantage  using the basic strategy often results in the basic strategy player’s getting more comps than the casino thinks they will win from the player. All you need is a casino player’s card (free to obtain), and just hand it to the dealer when you sit down and play. The floor supervisor will keep track of how much money you wagered and how long you play to determine the value of your comp. The bottom line is that most basic strategy players should be able to earn enough comps to lower their overall return from playing to nearly zero.  (For details on how to take advantage of comps when you play blackjack, read Chapter 5.)

    LEARN WHEN TO BET MORE, AND WHEN TO BET LESS

    I’m not talking about using a progressive betting system because it will not change the house edge one iota. No, I’m proposing using a simple entry-level card counting system.  Why? Because by using the latter, you will know when the edge shifts in your favor on the next hand and, therefore, that is when you will want to bet more. Likewise, these easy-to-use counting systems will tell you when the advantage shifts to the dealer so you would bet less. By betting more when you have the edge and less when you don’t, you can lower the house edge below a half percent, and depending on the playing rules, you could eke out a small advantage over the casino. The entry-level card counting systems are not very difficult to learn. (You’ll find the details on several entry-level card counting systems in Chapter 10. Once you become comfortable using one of these systems, I would suggest you consider trying a more advanced counting system such as Hi-Lo.)

     

    blackjack chips

     

    YOU CAN GET THE EDGE IN BLACKJACK TOURNAMENTS BY PLAYING BETTER THAN YOUR OPPONENTS PLAY

    Not too many blackjack players are aware of the above and that’s unfortunate. Most casinos offer blackjack tournaments; some are one-day events, others, an entire weekend. The top prizes for finishing in the money in a blackjack tournament can be substantial, and your risk is simply the entry fee for entering the tournament. So how do you gain an advantage? In blackjack tournaments, your primary adversary is not the casino; it’s the other tournament players. Whether you win or lose bets against the dealer (i.e., casino) is not what matters. What does is whether you win more (or lose less) than your opponents. By being more skillful in how you bet, and how you play your hands compared to your fellow table players, it’s possible to gain an edge over them. There are specific tournament playing and betting strategies based on how much bankroll you have relative to your tablemates, especially in the last few hands in a tournament round. (For more details on these playing and betting strategies, consult Chapter 15.)

    BOTTOM LINE

    So there you have it, four reasons for blackjack’s popularity. Moreover, it is also an easy game to learn, and fun to play. Give it a try the next time you head to your favorite casino. (If you are a novice, I suggest you glance at the blackjack basics in my Guide.)

    January 19, 2021

    By Henry Tamburin Ph.D

    Henry Tamburin
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    Henry Tamburin is one of world’s most respected blackjack experts and a world-class player. He is the author of the Ultimate Blackjack Strategy Guide, and Blackjack: Take The Money and Run. He edited the monthly Blackjack Insider Newsletter, and was a featured blackjack columnist for Casino Player magazine, Midwest Gaming and Travel magazine, Gaming South magazine, Southern Gaming magazine, New England Gaming News, Jackpot, Bingo Bugle, and Casino City Times.

    He has appeared on numerous gaming shows on the Travel Channel and A&E network, and has been a guest on hundreds of radio shows. Tamburin is also a skilled blackjack tournament player, and an invited guest at the prestigious Blackjack Ball, an annual gathering of blackjack professionals.  He has taught thousands of players how to get the edge at blackjack in his seminars, card-counting classes, newspaper and magazine articles, and on his websites (smartgaming.com and bjinsider.com).

    Besides is prowess at blackjack, Tamburin is also a skilled video poker and craps player. His column on video poker playing strategies appeared monthly in Strictly Slots magazine, and he also authored these books: Ten Best Casino Bets; Craps: Take the Money and Run; Henry Tamburin on Casino Gambling; and Winning Baccarat Strategies.    

    Henry Tamburin earned a Bachelor of Science and Ph.D. degrees in chemistry and worked as a production and technical manager for an International Chemical company for 27 years while pursuing his avocation as a part-time professional blackjack player. 
     

    Henry Tamburin Ph.D

    Today you will meet Roulette Ralph, a part time amateur mathematician, a full time roulette fan and a man who has given the ins-and-outs of gambling a serious consideration in his over 30 years of playing in casinos.

    Roulette Ralph enjoys coming up with methods of play that can keep the house edge at bay but that also give players the charge or thrill they desire. After all, players play for just such charges and thrills. If they didn’t get those I am guessing players wouldn’t play. 

    I enjoy reading Roulette Ralph’s insights and while I don’t always agree with him, I think what he has to say about roulette has great meaning for players. The bottom line for players is that they pick and choose how they are going to play. Some players follow strict methods and some players just throw caution to the wind and play helter-skelter. In the end it is the player’s choice.

    Frank: How did you get the name Roulette Ralph? 

    R. Ralph: I wish I could say that my fan club, if I had a fan club, or my wife gave it to me but that didn’t happen. I gave the name to myself. What the heck, I play the game, I love the game and it is a part of my gaming essence. I guess you could use the word “essence” to describe me in relation to the game. Roulette is many centuries old and it has a long pedigree. I like that because in some ways I am a part of history when I play the game.

    Frank: Now today you want to take a look at a way to play. What’s is it?

    R. Ralph:The Martingale.

    Frank: That’s one of the most dangerous ways to play any casino game isn’t it? It gives the player small wins and a tremendous loss that destroys those small wins. It looks like a good system but it isn’t. Unless you have figured out a way to play it that doesn’t clobber you every so often.

    R. Ralph: There won’t be any clobbering. As everyone knows, or most everyone knows, the Martingale usually calls for the doubling of one’s bet every time they lose a decision.

    If we take a look at the roulette Martingale, we should stick to the even-money bets of the odd/even, the red/black, or the high/low. We know that the even-money bets are not really even-money in their percentage of appearances. The green 0 and the green 00 will sometimes hit and that means a loss on all of the even-money bets. What does that do to the house edge? It makes it 5.26 percent.

    Frank: That means a loss of $5.26 for every $100 wagered.

    R. Ralph: You bet $10, you lose it, then you go $20. If you win that you are now ahead $10. If you lose the $20 you then bet $40. If you win that you are now ahead $10 because you had previously lost $30. Lose that $40 and you bet $80 in order to win the $10. You would then go to $160 if you lose the $80. You can plainly see that you are going up and up but the win is always $10. 

    The increases will stop when you hit the house limit on the amount you can bet on any one decision. That can be seven or eight wagers.

    Frank: That happened to me at the old Sands in Atlantic City. I had a couple of days of those small wins and then the clobbering happened. It was a wakeup call to me to forget that system.

    R. Ralph: As it should be. You don’t want to have that kind of risk with a hugely bloated bet. Now my method will forgo the escalation to the higher levels of the Martingale but will allow a string of decisions for the player to play. But, and this is a key, it will also cost less money overall than even playing a normal amount per decision. The total of my Martingale is a slim system. 

    Frank: I never heard the term a “slim system.” What do you mean by that?

    R. Ralph: It means you are paring down what you would bet as a total sum on your method of roulette play.

    Frank: Okay, lay it out for us.

    R. Ralph: Follow this exactly as I describe it. You cash in at the table, getting your special roulette chips. You will only bet those even-money bets as I mentioned. Let’s make the chips worth $10 each. Try not to look at the scoreboard while you are cashing in.

    Once you have your chips, your game begins. Look at the scoreboard from this point now on.From this point, you want to see if any of the even-money bets hit three times in a row. You will hop on whichever it is that has hit. Or you would bet against whichever has hit. You are only going to bet one even-money proposition. If, let us say, a particular color comes up and also a “high” number three times in succession, you choose which one of the two you will bet. You do not bet both.

    So let us say that a “red” has come up three times in a row. If you were betting $10 on “black” and using the regular Martingale, your bet would be $40 because you would have three losses in a row ($10, $20, $40). You would now be down $70 because of those three losses in a row. 

    Except you actually have not bet anything at all. You are merely using the three hits to determine what to bet from here on in. An appearance of a 0 or a 00 ends the streak and you must start over. You have not lost a cent!

    Now, chances are you might not get three hits in a row of any of the even-money bets, so you just wait. Keep this in mind please; even without betting you are still playing the game. You are in the action emotionally just by waiting for the event to happen. As obvious as this is to say, the casino has no edge on no bet wagered.

    Okay, now you decide to bet either with or against the “red” even-money proposition after its three appearances in a row. Let us say you decide to bet against it by betting “black.” You put your $10 on “black.”

    If “black” hits, you are now up $10. But if “black” loses you bet $20 again. If you lose that you are now down $30. Lose that and you bet $40. Lose that and you are down $70.

    Frank: Get us out of the predicament concerning the fact that you also lost $70 on your streak up to this moment.

    R. Ralph: You see the original bettor hasn’t lost just $70 because he is still using the traditional Martingale so he has gone $10, $20, $40, $80, $160, and $320 for a total loss of $630! Also he is not wagering only after three hits in a row; he is betting no matter what the sequence is. That makes it a lot more bets over time.

    Frank: So what do you do at this point? Do you just keep going?

    R. Ralph: No, you are finished for that sequence. You must wait for another sequence of three even-money appearances in a row to start once again. You don’t even look at the scoreboard for the next spin or you go to another table or you just grin and bear it if the streak ends with a “black” right after you took your pause. You are looking to play but at the same time you are also looking to protect your bankroll

    Frank: Do you have a money-management strategy? You aren’t going to just keep playing and playing right?

    R. Ralph: If a player just keeps playing they are asking for trouble. The casino edge is always grinding away. 

    Frank: So money management for this method?

    R. Ralph: The most you can lose on any one sequence is $70. If you were playing the regular Martingale the loss would be $630 so that becomes our maximum amount we use to play with – no more. But you can bet less than that if you want. You would have to lose nine sequences in a row to lose $630 – and chances are that is a real longshot.

    Frank: That could happen though? 

    R. Ralph: Oh, yes. It means you would lose 27 decisions in a row. That would be an amazingly bad streak and I doubt that would happen to a roulette player. But it could. Randomness can do some pretty amazing things but losing 27 decisions in a row, well, that would be somewhat farfetched. I wouldn’t discount it on a universal level but I would never bet on it happening in my play.

    You can, of course, decide that you will only play a few sequences and that might mean you lose those few. But remember you only need one hit in any sequence to at least feel you are in the game.

    Frank: Now some casinos will give you back half your bet if the 0 or 00 hits on an even-money wager. In the double-zero game, also called the American game, that is named “surrender” and in the single-zero or European or French game that is called “en prison.” This will reduce the house edge in half on those even-money bets. The single-zero game has a house edge of just 2.7 percent and that can be reduced to 1.35 percent if it has en prison. That is one of the best bets in the casino. On the American double-zero game the house edge is reduced to 2.63 percent.

    R. Ralph: That’s true. It is always best to play at casinos that offer these types of rewards – I guess you’d call them “rewards” because reducing the house edge is always the best thing that can happen to a player. So rewards it is! 

    However, even with these if you lose one of the bets in your sequence that sequence is finished. Playing this way will require discipline as the tendency of players is to get fully caught up in the game and sometimes to get so excited they don’t think of the consequences to their money.

    Frank: Do you think reckless play is a problem at roulette?

    R. Ralph: Absolutely. I think what happens, especially at crowded tables, the waiting to place the bets as the dealers clear the table of the losing bets and paying the winners, leads some players to think, “Oh, maybe I should make some more bets.” It almost becomes automatic. So you have to play just the way I say and do not add any more to the method.

    Frank: Are there other types of Martingales that you might discuss, maybe in future columns?

    R. Ralph: Yes. But everything I will discuss is discussed with the idea of not costing you too much money to the house edge.

    Frank: And what about comps? Are you into getting comps from the casinos? Many players are interested in comps.

    R. Ralph: Yes, some players are too much into comps. I am not opposed to getting comps. Why not get them? If the casino wants to give you a free or discounted room and a meal or two or three, that is just fine with me. But I won’t play for comps. They do not motivate me at all. They are just a part of the playing routine of the casinos. They aren’t why I play. I stick to my methods and whatever comps come my way I will gladly take them and thank the casino for giving them to me. But I never play for them.

    Frank: Thank you Roulette Ralph. And to my readers: All the best in and out of the casinos!

    November 12, 2020

    By Frank Scoblete

    Frank Scoblete
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    Frank Scoblete grew up in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn. He spent the ‘60s getting an education; the ‘70s in editing, writing and publishing; the ‘80s in theatre, and the ‘90s and the 2000s in casino gambling.

    Along the way he taught English for 33 years. He has authored 35 books; his most recent publisher is Triumph Books, a division of Random House. He lives in Long Island. Frank wrote the Roulette strategy guide and he's a well known casino specialist. 

    Frank Scoblete